It was designed by Barachias Holt of Exeter, Maine
Civil War and Reconstruction 

By 1860, the population had increased to 964,201 people, of which nearly half, 435,080, were enslaved African Americans, and 2,690 were free people of color
On January 11, 1861, Alabama declared its secession from the Union
After remaining an independent republic for a few days, it joined the Confederate States of America
The Confederacy's capital was initially at Montgomery
Alabama was heavily involved in the American Civil War
Although comparatively few battles were fought in the state, Alabama contributed about 120,000 soldiers to the war effort
A company of cavalry soldiers from Huntsville, Alabama, joined Nathan Bedford Forrest's battalion in Hopkinsville, Kentucky
The company wore new uniforms with yellow trim on the sleeves, collar and coattails
This led to them being greeted with "Yellowhammer", and the name later was applied to all Alabama troops in the Confederate Army
Alabama's slaves were freed by the 13th Amendment in 1865
Alabama was under military rule from the end of the war in May 1865 until its official restoration to the Union in 1868
From 1867 to 1874, with most white citizens barred temporarily from voting and freedmen enfranchised, many African Americans emerged as political leaders in the state
Alabama was represented in Congress during this period by three African-American congressmen: Jeremiah Haralson, Benjamin S
Following the war, the state remained chiefly agricultural, with an economy tied to cotton
During Reconstruction, state legislators ratified a new state constitution in 1868 which created the state's first public school system and expanded women's rights
Legislators funded numerous public road and railroad projects, although these were plagued with allegations of fraud and misappropriation
Organized insurgent, resistance groups tried to suppress the freedmen and Republicans
Besides the short-lived original Ku Klux Klan, these included the Pale Faces, Knights of the White Camellia, Red Shirts, and the White League
Reconstruction in Alabama ended in 1874, when the Democrats regained control of the legislature and governor's office through an election dominated by fraud and violence
They wrote another constitution in 1875, and the legislature passed the Blaine Amendment, prohibiting public money from being used to finance religious-affiliated schools
The same year, legislation was approved that called for racially segregated schools
Railroad passenger cars were segregated in 1891
The 1901 constitution required racial segregation of public schools
By 1903 only 2,980 African Americans were registered in Alabama, although at least 74,000 were literate
This compared to more than 181,000 African Americans eligible to vote in 1900
The numbers dropped even more in later decades
By 1941, whites constituted a slight majority of those disenfranchised by these laws: 600,000 whites vs
Nearly all Blacks had lost the ability to vote
Despite numerous legal challenges which succeeded in overturning certain provisions, the state legislature would create new ones to maintain disenfranchisement
The exclusion of blacks from the political system persisted until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in 1965 to enforce their constitutional rights as citizens
The rural-dominated Alabama legislature consistently underfunded schools and services for the disenfranchised African Americans, but it did not relieve them of paying taxes
Partially as a response to chronic underfunding of education for African Americans in the South, the Rosenwald Fund began funding the construction of what came to be known as Rosenwald Schools
In Alabama, these schools were designed, and the construction partially financed with Rosenwald funds, which paid one-third of the construction costs
The fund required the local community and state to raise matching funds to pay the rest
Black residents effectively taxed themselves twice, by raising additional monies to supply matching funds for such schools, which were built in many rural areas
They often donated land and labor as well
Beginning in 1913, the first 80 Rosenwald Schools were built in Alabama for African American children
A total of 387 schools, seven teachers' houses, and several vocational buildings were completed by 1937 in the state
Several of the surviving school buildings in the state are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Reflecting this emigration, the population growth rate in Alabama (see "historical populations" table below) dropped by nearly half from 1910 to 1920
At the same time, many rural people migrated to the city of Birmingham to work in new industrial jobs
Birmingham experienced such rapid growth it was called the "Magic City"
By 1920, Birmingham was the 36th-largest city in the United States
Heavy industry and mining were the basis of its economy
This did not change until the late 1960s following a lawsuit and court order
Industrial development related to the demands of World War II brought a level of prosperity to the state not seen since before the civil war
Rural workers poured into the largest cities in the state for better jobs and a higher standard of living
One example of this massive influx of workers occurred in Mobile
Between 1940 and 1943, more than 89,000 people moved into the city to work for war-related industries