Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, Harmondsworth, London, England, Penguin Books, 1960
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition
Hélène Monsacré (1984), Les larmes d'Achille
Le héros, la femme et la souffrance dans la poésie d'Homère, Paris: Albin Michel
Gregory Nagy (1984), The Name of Achilles: Questions of Etymology and 'Folk Etymology, Illinois Classical Studies
Gregory Nagy (1999), The Best of The Acheans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry
Johns Hopkins University Press (revised edition, online )
Sinos (1991), The Entry of Achilles into Greek Epic, PhD thesis, Johns Hopkins University
Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International
Burgess (2009), The Death and Afterlife of Achilles
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
(2016), Themes of the Trojan Cycle: Contribution to the study of the greek mythological tradition (Coimbra)
Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana
He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S
In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in Springfield, Illinois
In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, causing him to re-enter politics
He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party
He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A
Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory
Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation
During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the South
A little over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S
Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union
Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to navigate a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic and Republican parties
His allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates
He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing to the American people
Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far as to plot his assassination
His Gettysburg Address came to be seen as one of the greatest and most influential statements of American national purpose
Lincoln closely supervised the strategy and tactics in the war effort, including the selection of generals, and implemented a naval blockade of the South's trade
He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, and averted British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair
In 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free
Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as punishment for a crime
Lincoln managed his own successful re-election campaign
He sought to heal the war-torn nation through reconciliation
Lincoln is remembered as a martyr and a national hero for his wartime leadership and for his efforts to preserve the Union and abolish slavery
Lincoln is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls as the greatest president in American history
He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638
The family then migrated west, passing through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia
The captain was killed in an Indian raid in 1786
His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack
Thomas then worked at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee before the family settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the early 1800s
Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln is widely assumed to be the daughter of Lucy Hanks
Thomas and Nancy married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky
They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant
Thomas Lincoln bought or leased farms in Kentucky before losing all but  of his land in court disputes over property titles
In 1816, the family moved to Indiana where the land surveys and titles were more reliable
Indiana was a "free" (non-slaveholding) territory, and they settled in an "unbroken forest" in Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana
In 1860, Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", but mainly due to land title difficulties
In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter